A History and Complete Chronology of Númenor
Part 2: Complete Chronology of Númenor
by Stephen Geard
In the table below:
- Events on, or related to, Númenor are in blue.
- Events exclusive to Middle-earth are in green.
The names of the Kings are highlighted indicating the year in which their reign commenced.
| Years of the Second Age... | |
|---|---|
| 1 | Foundation of Lindon. |
| 32 | The Edain reach Númenor, Armenelos appears to have already been constructed.[1] |
| 32 |
ELROS TAR-MINYATUR, b. 58 yrs before the Second Age began, d. 442. The Adûnaic form of the name Elros was Gimilizôr.[2] |
| 61 |
Birth of Vardamir Nólimon, son (eldest child) of Elros. There followed a daughter, Tindómiel, and two more sons, Manwendil and Atanalcar. |
| 192 | Birth of Tar-Amandil, son (eldest child) of Vardamir. |
| 203 | Birth of Vardilmë, daughter of Vardamir. |
| 213 | Birth of Aulendil, son of Vardamir. |
| 222 | Birth of Nolondil, son of Vardamir. |
| 350 | Birth of Tar-Elendil, son (eldest child) of Tar-Amandil. |
| 361 | Birth of Eärendur, son of Tar-Amandil. |
| 371 | Birth of Yávien, daughter of Nolondil the son of Vardamir. |
| 377 | Birth of Mairen, daughter of Tar-Amandil. |
| 382 | Birth of Oromendil, son of Nolondil the son of Vardamir. |
| 395 | Birth of Axantur, son of Nolondil the son of Vardamir. |
| 442 |
VARDAMIR NÓLIMON, b. 61, surrendered Sceptre immediately, d.
471. Deemed to have reigned for one year. |
| 442 |
TAR-AMANDIL, b. 192, surrendered Sceptre 590, d. 603. The Adûnaic form of his name was probably Ar-Aphanuzîr.[3] |
| c. 500 | Sauron begins to stir in Middle-earth. |
| 512 | Birth of Caliondo, son of Eärendur the son of Tar-Amandil. |
| 521 |
Birth of Silmariën, daughter (eldest child) of Tar-Elendil. She married Elatan of Andúnië, their son Valandil became the first Lord of Andúnië. |
| 532 | Birth of Isilmë, daughter of Tar-Elendil. |
| 543 | Birth of Írimon (Tar-Meneldur), son (third child) of Tar-Elendil. |
| 551 | Birth of Lindissë, daughter of Axantur the grandson of Vardamir. |
| 562 | Birth of Ardamir, son of Axantur the grandson of Vardamir. |
| 575 | Birth of Cemendur, son of Axantur the grandson of Vardamir. |
| 590 |
TAR-ELENDIL (a.k.a. Parmaitë), b. 350, surrendered Sceptre 740,
d. 751. The Adûnaic form of his name was probably Ar-Nimruzîr.[4] |
| 600 | Vëantur, Captain of the King's Ships, brings his ship Entulessë to Mithlond - the first Númenórean to sail to Middle-earth. |
| 630 | Birth of Valandil, first Lord of Andúnië. |
| 670 | Birth of Malantur, son of Caliondo the grandson of Tar-Amandil. |
| 700 |
Birth of Anardil (Tar-Aldarion), son (eldest child) of Tar-Meneldur. Birth of Írildë, daughter of Cemendur the great-grandson of Vardamir. The Noldor, led by Galadriel and Celeborn, settle in Eregion. |
| 711 | Birth of Hallatan of Hyarstorni, son of Cemendur the great-grandson of Vardamir. |
| 712 | Birth of Ailinel, daughter of Tar-Meneldur |
| 725 | First voyage of Anardil (Tar-Aldarion) to Middle-earth, returned 727 |
| 729 | Birth of Almiel, daughter of Tar-Meneldur |
| 740 |
TAR-MENELDUR, b. 543, surrendered Sceptre 883, d. 942. His wife, Almarian, was the daughter of Vëantur, Captain of the King's Ships under Tar-Elendil. |
| 750 |
Guild of Venturers founded in Númenor. The Noldor begin building Ost-in-Edhil, the chief city of Eregion. |
| 771 | Birth of Erendis, wife of Tar-Aldarion. |
| 840 | Birth of Nessanië, daughter of Hallatan of Hyarastorni. |
| 852 | Birth of Hallacar, husband of Tar-Ancalimë, son of Hallatan of Hyarastorni. |
| 870 | Marriage of Aldarion and Erendis. |
| 873 | Birth of Tar-Ancalimë, daughter (only child) of Tar-Aldarion. |
| 882 | Aldarion and Erendis separate. |
| 883 | TAR-ALDARION, b. 700, surrendered Sceptre 1075, d. 1098. |
| c. 1000 | Sauron begins building the Barad-dûr. |
| 1003 | Birth of Tar-Anárion, son (only child) of Tar-Ancalimë. |
| 1075 | TAR-ANCALIMË, first Ruling Queen, b. 873, surrendered Sceptre 1280, d. 1285. |
| 1174 | Birth of Tar-Súrion, son (third child) of Tar-Anárion. |
| 1200 | Sauron seduces the smiths of Eregion. |
| c. 1200 | Númenóreans begin to build permanent havens on the coasts of Middle-earth. |
| 1211 | Death of Hallacar, husband of Tar-Ancalimë. |
| 1280 | TAR-ANÁRION, b. 1003, surrendered Sceptre 1394, d. 1404. |
| 1320 |
Birth of Tar-Telperien, daughter (eldest child) of Tar-Súrion. There was also a son Isilmo. |
| c. 1375 | At the instigation of Sauron, the Gwaith-i-Mírdain revolt against the leadership of Galadriel and Celeborn and seize power in Eregion. Galadriel and Celeborn depart Ost-in-Edhil and pass through Moria to Lórien. Celebrimbor becomes Lord of Eregion.[5] |
| 1394 |
TAR-SÚRION, b. 1174, surrendered Sceptre 1556, d. 1574 He had two older sisters, but they refused the Sceptre. |
| 1474 | Birth of Tar-Minastir, son of Isilmo the brother of Tar-Telperien. |
| c. 1500 | The Gwaith-i-Mírdain begin forging the Rings of Power, Sauron departs Eregion. |
| 1556 |
TAR-TELPERIEN, second Ruling Queen, b. 1320, surrendered Sceptre 1691,
d. 1691.[6] She never married, thus the Sceptre passed to her nephew Tar-Minastir. |
| c. 1590 | Celebrimbor forges the Three Rings. |
| c. 1600 |
Sauron forges the
One
Ring and places it on his finger. The Noldor of Eregion perceive his
plans and tear the Rings of Power from their fingers and hide them. Sauron completes the Barad-dûr. |
| c. 1601 | Celebrimbor gathers up the Three Rings and travels to Lórien to seek the advice of Galadriel. She counsels that the Rings should be dispersed and hidden far from Eregion, where Sauron believes them to be. Celebrimbor gives Nenya (the White Ring) to her, he then travels to Lindon and delivers Vilya (the Blue Ring) and Narya (the Red Ring) to Gil-galad.[7] |
| 1634 | Birth of Tar-Ciryatan, son of Tar-Minastir. |
| 1691 | TAR-MINASTIR, b. 1474, surrendered Sceptre 1869, d. 1873 |
| 1695-1701 |
The War of the Elves and Sauron: Seeking to take the Rings of Power, Sauron invades Eriador from Calenardhon (1695). As the vanguard of Sauron's army approaches Eregion, Celeborn leads a sortie out of Ost-in-Edhil and for a while holds it back. But when Sauron's main host arrives Celeborn is overrun and retreats. However, he is cut off from returning to Eregion. So he retreats north and meets up with an army sent from Lindon by Gil-galad and commanded by Elrond.[8] Eregion is overrun, Ost-in-Edhil falls (1697). Sauron gains the Nine Rings and at least six of the Seven.[9] Celebrimbor is captured but refuses to reveal the location of the Three, Sauron nevertheless guesses their whereabouts. He marches north-west and meets Elrond and Celeborn. The latter would have been overwhelmed except Sauron is attacked in the rear by a force issuing from Moria (this was a force of Dwarves accompanied by Elves of Lórien led by Amroth).[10] Sauron turns and drives the Dwarves back into Moria, but the Gates are shut and he can not enter. Allowed time to move, Elrond retreats north to Imladris. Sauron advances north-west to assail Lindon, but is forced to leave a strong detachment to beseige Elrond in Imladris. Sauron overruns Eriador, and reaches the River Lhûn (1699). Tar-Minastir sends a navy, commanded by one Ciryatur, to Lindon (1700). It arrives just in time to prevent Lindon from being overrun. Sauron is heavily defeated and driven back. He retreats to Sarn Ford (the crossing on the Baranduin) which he appears to attempt to hold, but he is forced back "after great slaughter." Sauron withdraws to the line of the Gwathló, he is strengthened by forces from Tharbard, but finds a Númenórean army at his rear (for Ciryatur had put a strong force ashore at Vinyalondë). In the Battle of the Gwathló Sauron is routed utterly and he himself only narrowly escapes. He retreats with a small force, but is assailed again in eastern Calenardhon.[11] With no more than a bodyguard he retreats to Mordor (1701). The army besieging Imladris is caught between Gil-galad and Elrond and completely destroyed. |
| c. 1710 | Galadriel travels to Imladris in search of Celeborn, whilst she is there the first Council is held. |
| 1800 | Birth of Tar-Atanamir, son of Tar-Ciryatan. |
| c. 1800 |
Shadow falls on Númenor, they begin to establish dominion on the coasts
of Middle-earth. Around this time, Galadriel and Celeborn may have moved to Dol Amroth. |
| 1869 | TAR-CIRYATAN (Adûnaic: Ar-Balkumagân), b. 1634, surrendered Sceptre 2029, d. 2035. |
| 1986 | Birth of Tar-Ancalimon, son of Tar-Atanamir. |
| 2029 | TAR-ATANAMIR THE GREAT, b. 1800, did not surrender Sceptre, d. 2221. |
| 2136 | Birth of Tar-Telemmaitë, son of Tar-Ancalimon. |
| 2221 | TAR-ANCALIMON, b. 1986, d. 2386. |
| c. 2250 | The Nazgûl first appear.[12] |
| c. 2250 | Rebellion and division of the Númenóreans begins. |
| 2277 | Birth of Tar-Vanimeldë, daughter of Tar-Telemmaitë. |
| 2280 | Umbar strengthenend. |
| 2286 | Birth of Herucalmo, husband of Tar-Vanimeldë. |
| 2350 | Pelargir built. |
| 2386 | TAR-TELEMMAITË, b. 2136, d. 2526. |
| 2406 | Birth of Tar-Alcarin, son of Tar-Vanimeldë. |
| 2516 | Birth of Tar-Calmacil, son of Tar-Alcarin. |
| 2526 |
TAR-VANIMELDË, third Ruling Queen, b. 2277, d. 2637 She gave little heed to ruling. Her husband, Herucalmo, wielded the power. |
| 2618 | Birth of Tar-Ardamin, son of Tar-Calmacil. |
| 2637 | Herucalmo withheld the Sceptre from his son, taking the name Tar-Anducal. He ruled until his death in 2657. |
| 2657 |
TAR-ALCARIN, b. 2406, d. 2737 Legitimate ruler since 2637. |
| 2709 | Birth of Ar-Adûnakhôr, son of Tar-Ardamin. |
| 2737 |
TAR-CALMACIL (Adûnaic: Ar-Belzager), b. 2516, d. 2825. The first King whose name was commonly spoken in Adûnaic. |
| 2789 | Birth of Ar-Zimrathon, son of Ar-Adûnakhôr. |
| 2825 | TAR-ARDAMIN (Adûnaic: Ar-Abattârik), b. 2618, d. 2899. |
| 2876 | Birth of Ar-Sakalthôr, son of Ar-Zimrathon. |
| 2899 |
AR-ADÛNAKHÔR (Tar-Herunúmen), b. 2709, d. 2962. The first King to take the Sceptre with a title in Adûnaic, although for superstitious reasons a Quenya name was still entered into the Scrolls. |
| c. 2900 | Teaching of the Elven tongues forbidden. |
| 2960 | Birth of Ar-Gimilzôr, son of Ar-Sakalthôr. |
| 2962 | AR-ZIMRATHON (Tar-Hostamir), b. 2798, d. 3033. |
| 3033 | AR-SAKALTHÔR (Tar-Falassion), b. 2876, d. 3102. |
| 3035 | Birth of Inziladûn (Tar-Palantir), son (eldest child) of Ar-Gimilzôr. |
| 3044 | Birth of Gimikhâd, second son of Ar-Gimilzôr. |
| 3102 |
AR-GIMILZÔR (Tar-Telemnar), b. 2960, d. 3177. His wife, Inzilbêth, was a daughter of Lindórië the sister of Eärendur, fifteenth Lord of Andúnië. |
| c. 3110 | Use of the Elven tongues completely forbidden, the Eldar no longer permitted to come to Númenor. |
| 3117 | Birth of Míriel, daughter (only child) of Tar-Palantir. |
| 3118 | Birth of Pharazôn, son of Gimilkhâd. |
| 3119 | Birth of Elendil (Adûnaic: Nimruzîr), founding High King of Arnor and Gondor, son (only child) of Amandil, eighteenth Lord of Andúnië |
| 3177 |
TAR-PALANTIR (Adûnaic: Ar-Inziladûn), b. 3035, d. 3255 Gimilkhâd opposed Tar-Palantir as openly as he dared. The Lord of Andúnië during the reign of Tar-Palantir was Númendil, the seventeenth Lord. |
| 3209 |
Birth of Isildur, founding Co-Regent of Gondor, second King of Arnor, son
(eldest child) of Elendil. The Adûnaic form of his name may have been Nîlubâr.[13] |
| 3219 | Birth of Anárion, founding Co-Regent of Gondor, second son of Elendil. |
| 3243 | Death of Gimilkhâd. |
| 3255 |
AR-PHARAZÔN THE GOLDEN (Tar-Calion), b. 3118, d. 3319 Upon the death of Tar-Palantir, his daughter, Míriel was taken to wife by Pharazôn, the son of Gimilkhâd, against her will, and against the law of Númenor. Pharazôn then seized the Sceptre, taking the name Ar-Pharazôn, and giving Míriel the name Ar-Zimraphel. The Lord of Andúnië during the reign of Ar-Pharazôn was Amandil (Adûnaic: Aphanuzîr), the eighteenth (and last) Lord. |
| 3261 | Ar-Pharazôn lands in Umbar. |
| 3262 | Sauron is taken as a prisoner to Númenor. |
| 3299 | Birth of Elendur, son (eldest child) of Isildur. |
| 3310 | Ar-Pharazôn begins building his fleet to assail Valinor. |
| 3318 | Birth of Meneldil, second King of Gondor, son (fourth and youngest child) of Anárion. |
| 3319 |
Downfall of Númenor: Ar-Pharazôn assails Valinor. The Changing of the World. The Valar lay down their guardianship of the World and call on Ilúvatar: He changes the shape of the World, removing Valinor off the Circle of the World, and drowning Númenor beneath the Sea. Elendil and his sons, Isildur and Anárion, escape the destruction of Númenor, and found the Kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor in Middle-earth. |
For events following those listed above, see my Complete Chronology of Arnor and Gondor
Notes:
- According to The Tale of the Years (LotR App.B) the Edain reached Númenor in SA 32, yet according to The Line of Elros (UT 218) Elros ascended the throne in the City of Armenelos that same year. Perhaps the City was built for the Edain, prior to their arrival, as a gift, by the Eldar.
-
Some may disagree. CJRT wrote, "in the later development
of the Númenórean legend the name
(Ar)-Gimilzôr is given to the twenty-third king..."
(HoMe 9:381). Possibly indicating Tolkien abandoned
Gimilzôr as the Adûnaic name for Elros. But consider:
Elros means "star-foam" and Lowdham's "Report on the Adunaic Language" lists
gimil(i) as the Adûnaic for "star" (HoMe 9:431),
so an equation of the words Elros and
Gimilzôr is still likely.
If so, then why isn't Tar-Elros the Quenya name of Ar-Gimilzôr? We should note however that the Quenya and Adûnaic names of the Kings were not always equivalent in meaning. Inziladûn (Adûnaic: "flower of the west") does not translate Palantir (Quenya: "far-seer"). Nor does Pharazôn (Adûnaic: "golden") exactly translate Calion (Quenya: "son of light"). - Aphanuzîr was the Adûnaic name of Amandil (HoMe 9:389), so I guess Ar-Aphanuzîr translates Tar-Amandil.
- Nimruzîr was the Adûnaic name of Elendil (HoMe 9:389), so I guess Ar-Nimruzîr translates Tar-Elendil.
- The History of Galadriel and Celeborn actually states (UT 237) that Celeborn did not accompany Galadriel to Lórien, as he feared to enter Moria. Thus, "the remained behind in Eregion, disregarded by Celebrimbor." I think this highly unlikely. His subsequent leading of the sortie out of Ost-in-Edhil proves he was no coward, and even if he did not wish to enter Moria he could have crossed the mountains over the Caradhras Pass.
- I have cut 40 years off the reign of Tar-Telperien to solve the chronological problem encountered in The Line of Elros (see UT 226, note 9).
- At some stage, perhaps many years later, Gil-galad passed Narya onto Círdan the Shipwright.
- It is probable that Glorfindel was Elrond's deputy.
- Celebrimbor may have given one of the Seven Rings to King Durin III of Moria some years previous (see UT 238).
- Amorth was the son of Amdír, King of Lórien.
- I suspect Sauron found himself trapped in eastern Calenardhon. The Númenóreans were to the west of him (following his retreat), and he was assailed from the north-east by a force consisting of Dwarves from Moria and Elves from Lórien (and possibly even Ents from Fangorn Forest).
-
The following dates, relating to the life of the Lord of
the Nazgûl, have been supplied by fellow Tolkien fan. Apparently they
were invented by a firm called Iron Crown Enterprises, who specialize in
role playing games. Thus they are not genuine Tolkien.
Normally I am fairly skeptical of attempts to invent extra historical data for Middle-earth. However, I can't think of any reason why the Lord of the Nazgûl could not have been the second son of Tar-Ciryatan and the dates do fit into the Second Age rather well.
1820 Birth of Tindomul (Adûnaic: Murazor), later Lord of the Nazgûl, second son of Tar-Ciryatan 1880 Murazor sails for Middle-earth 1883 Sauron entices Murazor to Mordor 1998 Sauron gives Murazor the chief of the Nine Rings, thus he becomes the first (and subsequently the Lord) of the Nazgûl.
- This is my own derivation. Isildur means "moon-lord", hence nîlu (Adûnaic: "moon") + bâr ("lord"). See HoMe 9:431,437.
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